Equipment

In the early nineties an exit to the market of rotor snowplows which only just started to be forming, the majority of non profile enterprises made forcedly as the demand for their basic production began to fall promptly.

The Arzamasky factory of municipal mechanical engineering (Kommash), specialising throughout several decades on manufacturing cesspool cars, with a planned economy disorder remained face-to face with vital realities of the new economy. The cesspool cleaners who were issued before in thousands, became almost suddenly unnecessary to everybody. It was necessary to expand the nomenclature of municipal technics urgently. So, in 1991 there was universal sidewalk-harvesting car KO-718 which was based on the tractor Ò-25À. Among the various replaceable equipment totaling in 5 names and allowing the car all-the-year-round to keep sidewalks clean and in order, was plough-rotor equipment. The drive of two rotors which were placed in the middle part of a plough, was carried out from the engine of a base tractor by a drive shaft. The width of clearing made 1,5 m, thickness of cleaned snow – 300 mm. Except for the rotor equipment in the back part of the car there was a brush with a drive. It is necessary to notice that car KO-718 had arisen not for any reason: since 1981 the enterprise produced a machine with a plough-brushing equipment on the basis of tractor Ò-25. Later in the list of base tractors there were added Ò-30-À80 and VTZ-2048. The manufacture of ÊÎ-718 at Arzamasky Kommash successfully proceeds to this day, though, the cars in its complete set with plough-rotor equipment is issued individually – according to demand.

During the same period – in the early nineties – the Bashkirsky factory of agricultural cars (BashSelMash) started releasing hinged screw-rotor snowplows to tractors. For choice the enterprise offered its consumers a number of models: SSHR-2,0P – for a front hinge on tractor MTZ-80/82; SSHR-2,0 – for a back hinge on tractor Ò-40ÀÌ, LTZ-55À/60AV and MTZ-82; SSHR-2,6 – for a back hinge on tractor Ò-150, and also SSHR-2,6Ì and SSHR-2,6G – for a front hinge on tractor DT-75. The snowplows of series SNR-2,0 and SSHR-2,6 essentially differed by design: the first was a one-screw, the second – a double-screw (screws took places one over another).

All the models, except for SSHR-2,6G, had a mechanical drive from the tractor engine, drive SSHR-2,6G – hydraulic. Cars differed by productivity: series SSHR-2,0 had productivity 300 m3/h (width of clearing – 2 m, thickness of cleaned snow – 300 mm); the productivity of series SSHR-2,6 reached 600 m3/h at width of clearing of 2,6 m. All the models at Bashselmash are issued up to now.

The Arzamasky and Bashkirsky factories show examples of a quite successful occurrence in the market of rotor snowplows (though the volumes of output rotor snowplows at each enterprise are insignificant). Except for these factories in first half of 90ths some other manufacturers, more known by other kinds of activity, tried to produce rotor snowplows.

The Omsky factory of transport mechanical engineering (OmskTransMash) in 1993 on a conversion wave started to master the manufacture of wheel tractors ZTM-60 of a traction class 1,4 (analogue YUMZ). On the basis of these tractors the scale of special equipment with the various hinged equipment among which was also a milling-rotor snowplow UM-75. Productivity of the car reached 150 t/h, thickness of cleaned snow – 500 mm, range of rejection – 10 m. Alas, it all was limited to release only several copies. The similar destiny was prepared also to working-out of Petersburg designers – natives of the Kirov factory. During the considered period in bowels of the Kirov factory was created a milling-rotor snowplow FR-180. The snowplow project was developed by design bureau "Automatika", and its manufacturing was undertook by the firm "Hydraulics", formed on the basis of shop on manufacture of the hydraulic equipment for a special purpose of the Kirov factory. The car was based on tractor MTZ-82, its productivity made 180 t/h, thickness of cleaned snow – 1000 mm, range of rejection – up to25 m. In the beginning of 2000ths of Joint-Stock Company "Hydraulics" (nowadays not existing) managed to make and realise an order of 15-20 units FR-180.

In the list of manufacturers of rotor snowplows even appeared the Tujmazinsky factory of autoready-mix trucks (TZA) in the early nineties. During that time factory workers made a milling-rotor snowplow MDKZ-18 on the basis of tractor MTZ-82. On the whole this model was similar to the mentioned above – both in design, and in its characteristics: the width of the working zone made 2 m, thickness of the cleaned snow layer – 500 mm, range of rejection – 10 m. The manufacture of MDKZ-18 were limited to two-three copies and after that they never returned to this theme at TZA.

In rough 90ths when many machine-building factories undertook production of absolutely new and non profile kinds of production, manufacturers of rotor snow-clearing cars were adjoined by the Izhevsky factory "Bummash". Since then Izhevskians produced hinged screw-rotor snow-clearing installation SSH2 meant for tractor Ê-701 with a motion-lowerer. The snowplow has a mechanical drive from a shaft of capacity selection of the tractor. 800 m3/h, range of kick – 17 m, width of capture – 3,24 m, height of a developed layer – up to 1,5 m. It is necessary to notice that its productivity which Bummash offers is only to assembly complete sets without a base tractor.

One of the most interesting snow-removing milling-rotor cars of the period of 90ths, certainly, is DE-242 Viyuga which was created at Bryansky automobile factory. Its occurrence became possible thanks to the conversion processes happening at that time at BAZ. The designing of the snowplow Viyuga was carried out by the joint efforts of BAZ designers, the Volga machine-building factory (Rybinsk) and created at Severodvinsk factory of road cars of joint venture "NordMeks" ». It was one of few cases in the domestic practice when the car intended for performance of snow-removing works, received a special chassis – BAZ-3979 – with a hinge-jointed frame equipped with the tractor's diesel engine D-144 and a double cabin.

 

On the car was applied a combined transmission (mechanical altogether with a volume hydraulicone ) which allowed step-bystep to change the speed of movement and force of draught. The hydroficial system of hinge ofthe replaceable equipment allowed deepening of working body below basic surface, to carry out its inclination forward for working out of icing and to turn agaisnt the horizontal surface, copying the road profile, at removal of the frozen snow. Besides the mill DE-242 could be assembled also with plough-brushing equipment. At snow milling the maximum width of pass made 1,8 m, thickness of clearing – 1 m, range of rejection – 25 m, productivity – up to 500 t/h.

In 1993 from the gates of BAZ left the first serial sample of DE-242. Unfortunately, organizational dissociation of the enterprises concerning the defensive department, their inability to advance a product on the market, and also constructive defects did not promote that the Viyuga became a mass car. As a result for all time of manufacture there were produced only 100 cars which dispersed to the regions of Russia and remained almost imperceptible in road-municipal services of the country. In 2000 the Viyuga was laid off.

In the beginning of 2000ths there were next new designs of rotor snowplows from the next newly made manufacturers of the given kind of equipment.

In 2000 the Ural car factory declared itself as the manufacturer of screw-rotor snowplows. The model Ural-432069 (also called SÎ-10) was based on 2-axial Ural-43206 (4õ4). It was executed under the single-motor scheme (with engine YAMZ-238B with capacity of 300 h.p., placed behind the cabin of driver). The working body had two screws and one rotor. Productivity of the car made 1000 t/h, by thickness of cleaned snow – 1,6 m, range of rejection – 30 m, width of cleaned strip – 2,85 m.

In the beginning of 2000ths within two months the snowplow pre-production model Ural-432069 passed tests in Surgut. Then it was transferred in the Thelyabinsk airport where there also took place a cycle of tests. The batch production of Ural-432069-10 was organised in the end of 2001, but as a result of all series was limited to several cars.

The little later for court of consumers there was presented one more screw-rotor snowplow on an automobile chassis. This time as the manufacturer firm "Plamya" known to the wide public from Perm didn't act. Its car which received the name the UNIKOM, was based on the finished by the firm "RIAT"(4õ4) chassis KAMAZ-4326. The plan of designers the car had to be universal, the demountable hinged equipment allowed to use it both in winter, and in a summer variant. In winter it worked with screw-rotor equipment or a hinged sailing, and also could distribute anti-ice materials; in summer it carried out the dry and wet sweeping of the road covering with gathering the estimate into the garbage. The snow-clearing equipment represented narrow-catching screw-rotor installation which for expansion of the clearing zone was sideways supplemented with a plough. Productivity of the car at snow cleaning by screw-rotor was reached up to 600 t/h, width of clearing – 2,4 m. The volume of a body for anti-ice materials made 4 ì3.

The car Unikom passed all kinds of running and certified tests and was admitted to a batch production. However for some reasons it didn't come to masses. One of them – the expensive chassis with established run-lowerer. The second – an unreliable drive of a rotor wedge-belt transfer. Except that the harvester on chassis of KaMaZ there were made two more on chassis of Mercedes Benz. At it on the project of Unikom was put a dot.

And here at the enterprise "PKF" Spezdormash ”» from Miass experience of manufacture of automobile screw-rotor snowplows was developed more successfully. In 2003 this firm which is engaged in manufacture of the snow-removing technics for about 20 years, began the construction work over the first screw-rotor snowplow.

As base for installation the screw-rotor equipment the all-weather combined road car (in abbreviated form – VMKD) was chosen, on the basis of a dump-body truck Ural-55571, serially produced by the same enterprise. The contract on the delivery of working body concluded with factory "Bashselmash" making screw-rotor snow-removing equipment SSHR-2,6G for tractor DT-75. In 2004 the first car with demountable front screw-rotor VMKD-17SH was assembled. In the same year the patent for the scheme of a pump drive agreggate was received. Universality was difference of ths screw-rotor. Thanks to the hydraulic drive it was possible to remove the screw-rotor within 10 minutes and on a universal suspension bracket to establish a high-speed rotary sailing or one of brushes. Besides the fast-removable front working bodies there were included the demountable lateral sailing and the distributing equipment established in dumper platform. Application of the single-motor scheme allowed to use VMKD-17SH as a universal vehicle which can work all year long (in summer – as a usual dump-body truck). In 2008 the patented hydroscheme of a drive of working body for VMKD with demountable screw-rotor underwent some changes. It allowed to select 80 % of capacity of the unit power of the chassis, earlier the chassis manufacturer allowed to select no more than 100 h.p. Productivity of the car at work by screw-rotor makes 800 m3/h,the width of clearing – 2,6 m, height of the cleaned snow cover – 0,8 m, range of rejection – 20-25 m.

In 2005 the firm assembled the first (and yet unique) screw-rotor snowplow on the basis of the car the AMUR (ZIL-131) – the full analogue DE-210Á-1Ì, produced by OAO "Sevdormash". In 2006 there is begun the manufacture of the screw-rotor snowplow on the chassis of Ural-4320 (analogue DE-226). Now there is a designing of universal screw-rotor cars with an independent power unit. Settlement productivity of the car will be not less than 2000 t/h. The screw-rotor equipment can be used practically on trucks with load-carrying capacity no less than 6 t of manufacture by AZ"Ural" or KAMAZ.

In the beginning of 2000ths the tendency on equipment of snow-ploughs additional milling-rotor equipment on a portable jibwas observed. Such an equipment allowed to carry out the snow cleaning before a pneumatic wheel bar and behind it. The similar cars were made by Smolensky OAO «Kompleksnie Dorozhny Mashini» – on the basis of harvester ED-405U which was based on a KAMAZ, and also the Arzamasky factory "Kommash" – on the basis of tractor MTZ-82. Alas, owing to the absence of the car's demand with additional milling-rotor equipment on a portable jib and did not go to a batch production.

In 1990ths and in the beginning of 2000ths the manufacture of powerful rotor snow-ploughs on the basis of tractors Kirovets which are produced by the Petersburg tractor factory, and their analogues – the tractors of type Ê-700À/Ê-701 produced by other enterprises, mastered at once at several enterprises. At those factories where similar cars were issued before, there were modernized versions.

The Petersburg tractor factory which is manufacturing since 1975 miling-rotor snowplows on the basis of tractors of Kirovets, in 2002 presented on the market an updated version of snowplow Ê-703ÌÀ-ÎÑ on the basis of tractor Ê-703. The working parametres of the car remained almost invariable in comparison with former similar models of snowplows. Engine YAMZ-238NDZ-1 of 235 h.p. provided with capacity to a snowplow productivity 1200 t/h, range of rejection to 25 m, thickness of clearing of 1,5 m, width of capture of 3,1 m. Today the milling-rotor snowplow Ê-703ÌÀ-ÎÑ is one of the most powerful and productive domestic serial snow-ploughs.

On a boundary of 1990-2000th a number of the Russian enterprises mastered assemblage of tractors – out-of-date models Kirovtsev Ê-700À and Ê-701, laid off on the Petersburg tractor factory (PTZ). The Lineup at the newly appeared layers which seized assemblage of tractors, included also the milling-rotor snowplows on the basis of these tractors – analogues of the snowplow which realized at PTZ.

The Petersburg's OOO «Zavod spez tehniki» since 2002 began to offer consumers a snowplow of KT-701-ZST SFR. After a while models appropriated an index of KT-5701-ZST SFR that was not reflected in car characteristics. In 2002 the Tikhvinsky tractor factory "Titran-Veps" which was a branch of the Tikhvin factory of transport mechanical engineering of "Titran", made the first tractors Ê-700Ò. On the basis of this tractor model was developed also a a milling- rotor snowplow Ê-700Ò-03-ÎS. During the same period OAO "OmskTraktor" " took also a hand" in assemblage of Kirovtses of the previous generation. The chassis of the Omsk tractors – OMTZ-700À and OMTZ-701 – formed a basis as well for the milling-rotor snowplow.

From the mentioned above new tractor-assebling enterprises the milling-rotor snowplows for today are produced by only Zavod Speztehniki and OmskTraktor Factory, and here Titran-Veps withdrew.

Failures of some enterprises, trying to adjust in the nineties of the last century the manufacture if rotor snowplows on the basis of tractors Belarus, did not stop other manufacturers from the desire to try to make something similar. Special activity in this direction was shown by the Belarus manufacturers.

The group of enterprises "Dorelectromash" was formed in 1998 in the city of Smolevichi, the basic direction of the activity was chosen the manufacture of road-building and municipal technics on the basis of tractors Belarus. They could not of course managed without a snowplow. Dorelectromash went the way, without beginning to do next «re-singing» on the theme of traditionally many times repeated milling-rotor design. In 2004 the screw-rotor car FRS-200M was gone to manufacture on the basis of tractor MTZ-82 (MTZ-80), equipped with two rotors. The hydraulic drive of working body and executive mechanisms became one of the important distinctive features of the snowplow. In the base tractor applied to the snowplow, were kept the back hinge on which the hydrostation fastens that was facilitated dismantle of the hinged equipment and allowed to use a tractor for other purposes. Into the equipment complete set was entered hydro-run-lowerer of the original design of own manufacture. Productivity of FRS-200Ì made 200 t/h, range of kick– to 20 m, width of capture – 2 m, height of a cleaned layer – 1ì.

 If the production of Dorelektromash already had time to receive a certain popularity in the Russian market, the products of other Belarus manufacturers who produced rotor snowplows, are not known in our country yet.

So, the Minsk firm "SDDT-EVROMASH" offers a milling-rotor snowplow SNT-2500 and a plough- rotor snowplow ÅÌ-800. Both installations represent simple fast-changeable equipment which in a few minutes could be mounted to the tractor MTZ-80/82. Equipment SNT-2500 was established on a back hinge of the tractor, and ÅÌ-800 was put instead to a front loading ladle of a tractor loader. SNT-2500 put in action a shaft selection of capacity of the tractor, ÅÌ-800 was equipped with a hydrodrive.

In the area of plough-rotor snowplows the Fanipolsky skilled-mechanical factory carried out the workings outs in the beginning of 2000ths. Fanipolsky designers chose for the car ORS-20.01 as the base chassis of not classical wheel tractor MTZ, and the universal tractor chassis SH-406 which received aninformal name «Belarus Unimog». In 2008 the factory offered its consumers a budgetary variant of plough-rotor snowplow ORS-29 mounted on a tractor Belarus-82P. Productivity of the car reaches 395 t/h, the width of capture – 2,57 m, clearing height – 1 m, range of snow kick – up to 30 m.

One more Belarus manufacturer – factory "Dorvektor" – made a combined snowplow also on the basis of universal tractor chassis MTZ. The special feature of the car – a screw-rotor equipment (with two screws), placed in a head part of the car, and a sailing located behind.

In 2000ths the new tendency began to become fashionable. Some manufacturers of special equipment began to offer complete cars on which the hinged equipment of other firms is applied under the brand. For example, Zlatoustovsky excavator factory first produced its own model of a rotor snowplow, then began to buy snow-removing equipment on the party, establishing it on the chassis. At Elaz they went in a similar way.

And now we at last approached to the main characters of the market of rotor snowplows, to legislators in this area – to factories "Sevdormash" and "Amkodor". With the planned economy disorder both enterprises remained in private with realities of the arising market. In 1990ths solvent demand for production of these factories fell to minimum. It was necessary to improve urgently serial cars, to create the new technics, to expand lineups, moving towards the treasured purpose through a thorny road of tests and errors.

From the beginning of 1990ths and up to now Sevdormash spent some modernizations of the screw-rotor snowplow DE-210 on chassis ZIL-131 – the basic model dominating in the production program of the enterprise. The first Post-Soviet modernization which was carried out in the early nineties, basically concerned replacements of the drive engine for a more powerful (still tank) 275-strong. Productivity of the car which received the designation DE-210B, increased up to 1216 t/h, and the kick of snow – up to 33 m. the Thickness of clearing made range was 1,3 m, width of capture – 2,56 m.

The following modernisation concerned again the engine replacements – this time on a more economic, possessing with the big resource and more accessible in service and repair the automobile motor of the Yaroslavl motor factory. For choice two versions of a snowplow on chassis ZIL-131N – DE-210Á-1Ì with engine YAMZ-238M2 with capacity of 240 h.p. were offered consumers and DE-210B-1À with engine YAMZ-236BE with capacity of 250 h.p. engine. Replacement caused also a change of appearance of plumage and cowls of a motor compartment. The basic performance data in comparison with the model DE-210B remained invariable. With the beginning of a batch production Factory of Lihacheva of the new model of the truck of high passableness of ZIL-433422 Sevdormash mastered release on the basis of it the chassis of the next updatings screw-rotor snowplows – DE-210B-ZM and DE-210B-ZA, completed accordingly motors YAMZ-238M2 and YAMZ-236BÅ. Performance data at these updatings were slightly lower: Productivity – 1000 t/h, range of snow kick – up to 25 m. the Thickness of clearing and width of capture were not changed.

The line of automobile screw-rotor snowplows in mid-nineties was widened with the model DE-210U (then an index was replaced for ÊÎ-605Ì), made on the chassis Ural-43203. The working equipment on the whole remains invariable in comparison with models of series DE-210B-1/3. The single-motor drive constructed by the same principle, as on all the former models DE-210, was carried out with a 300-strong engine YAMZ-238B. Thanks to a more powerful power-plant the productivity increased up to 1400 t/h, the width of capture – up to 2,7 m. the snow kick made Range 33 m, thickness of clearing – 1,3 m. Further the scale of snow-removing cars of series ÊÎ-605 on the chassis Ural extended at the expense of a complete set of engines of various capacity – YAMZ-238Ì2, YAMZ-2386BE and YAMZ-236BE. In compliance with capacity of engines the productivity of cars varied also. The newest working out of designers of Sevdormash from this series – snowplow ÊÎ-605Ê mounted on 2-axial KAMAZ-4326 (4õ4).

In 1990ths the enterprise created a milling-rotor snowplow on the automobile chassis. Car ARS-1 which was based on chassis KAMAZ-4326 was executed under the scheme traditional for Severodvinsk snowplows – with a single-motor drive from the engine established behind the cabin of driver.

After upgrading the snowplow received designation ÊÎ-816, it was mounted on specially modifed chassis KAMAZ-4990 (4õ4). In 2001 the updated ÊÎ-816-1 went a batch production on chassis KAMAZ-43114, ÊÎ-816 was produced only under orders. ÊÎ-816-1, equipped with a 400-strong engine YAMZ-7511 instead of regular Kamaz cursor, it was capable to clean 2100 t snow in one hour at the height of snow over 0,5-0,6 m and density of snow 0,6 t/m3. Range of snow kick made 40 m, width of capture – 2,9 m, thickness of clearing – 1,5 .

The theme of tractor snowplows also were not forgotten, on the contrary, it underwent to a further perfection. In 1990ths the factory assembled some versions of milling-rotor cars. However, not all the new workings outs went to a series production. Among such – snow loader ÊÎ-721 on the basis of tractor MTZ-82 productivity 500 t/h and milling-rotor snowplow ÊÎ-810-2 created on the basis of a skilled tractor with all operated wheels. The milling-rotor snow loader ÊÎ-207 and its updating ÊÎ-207-2 went to a batch production. Both models mounted on tractor MTZ-82.1, can be also used with the bulldozer equipment. Cars differ by productivity at snow cleaning using milling-rotor equipment: 230 t/h – at ÊÎ-207 and 350 t/h – at ÊÎ-207-2, accordingly the width of the working zone – 2 and 2,4 m, range of snow kick – up to 16 m, thickness of clearing – 1 m.

On the basis of the tractor Kirovets with engine YAMZ-7512.10 with capacity of 350 h.p. was developed a milling-rotor snowplow DE-227Ì Uragan. The car allowed to develop a snow layer in the thickness of 1,5 m, the width of clearing made 3 m, productivity – 2000 t/h. Except for the standard execution the snowplow was offered also in the Arctic variant, allowing to spend works at temperature down to –60 OC. Unfortunately, this super-power car which had quite good prospects, remained a pre-production model. By the way, during this period at Sevdormash one more skilled milling-rotor snowplow was created – ÊÎ-817 Typhoon similar to DE-227Ì, only, unlike it, it was based not on Kirovts, but on wheel tractor KZKT-538DS.

 

The screw-rotor snowplow on catarpillar DT-75, created already in the mid-seventies, having undergone modernisation, safely is issued to this day under index DE-220À.

The Belarus enterprise "Amkodor", appeared in new economic conditions, did not change the traditional orientation – in the past the snow-removing equipment occupied one of the leading places in total amount of the realized cars after one-laddle loaders. The basic car in manufacture of snowplows still remained a screw-rotor model DE-226 (new designation – Amkodor 9531) on the chassis Ural-4320 with productivity 1500 t/h, executed in the 2-motor scheme. In the late nineties – the beginning of 2000ths some copies of car DE-226M created on the chassis of all-wheel drive timber carrying vessel MAZ-5434 (4õ4) were made. This car did not go to a series production.

At designing of snowplows during the Post-Soviet period the preference was given to milling-rotor working bodies, as more effective in operation by working out of snow weight of high density. So, in 1991 there appeared a milling-rotor snowplow ÐÑ-1 created on the original chassis. Snowplow ÐÑ-1 with the engine capacity of 500 h.p. productivity 3500 t/h and range of snow kick 25-35 m intended for work under trying conditions – for clearing of airdromes, snow drifts on roads, for use at avalanche-dangerous sites of mountain roads. Further advanced car Amkodor 9511 of smaller capacities which is offered to consumers now was developed. Amkodor 9511 is equipped with engine YAMZ-238D with capacity of 305 h.p.

It has two speeds of spinning of the rotor (range of snow kick – 25 m and 35) and productivity 1500 t/h. In second half 2000ths was created a milling-rotor snowplow Amkodor 9512 executed under the single-motor scheme with a hydrodrive of working body on base of a timber lorry chassis MAZ-5434-03. The productivity of the novelty – 1200 t/h, width of capture – 2,85 m, thickness of clearing – 1,3 m, the maximum range of snow kick – up to 30 m.

For needs of municipal services the factory offers a milling-rotor snowplow of Amkodor 9211 (an old designation – SNF-200) on the basis of tractor MTZ-82. The productivity of the car – 200 t/h, width of capture – 2 m, thickness of clearing – 1,1 m, range of snow kick – up to 20 m.

It is necessary to notice that now rotor snow-removing equipment is offered as a part of loaders with an onboard turn, produced by the domestic enterprises – Kurganmashzavod, Ural Carriage-Building Plant and Amkodor.